Šveice vēlas sarīkot vēsturisku pasaules čempionātu hokeju (Maijs 2024)
Lozanna, Vaudas kantona galvaspilsēta, Šveices rietumi, Ženēvas ezera ziemeļu krastā (Lac Léman); celts Joratas augstuma dienvidu nogāzēs, tā augstums svārstās no 1240 pēdām (378 m) Oučijā, tās ezera ostā, līdz 2,122 pēdām Le Signal, kas ir visaugstākais punkts. Ir aizpildītas divas īsas straumes - Flons un Louve, kas agrāk plūda cauri pilsētas centram, atstājot neskaitāmas ieplakas; Rezultātā Lozannai ir kalnains izskats, kas veidota daudzos savienojošos līmeņos.
Viktorīna
Pasaules pilsētas
Kāda ir lielākā Turcijas pilsēta?
Senā ķeltu lauzonija jeb Lausonna sākotnēji atradās ezera krastā uz dienvidrietumiem no tagadējās pilsētas. Iebrukuma laikā alemanni (ap 379. g.) Iedzīvotāji patvērās augšējos pakalnos, uzceļot apmetni pašreizējā Citē rajona vietā. 590. gadā bīskaps Mariuss no Aventicum (tagad Avenches) nodibināja tur savu diecēzi. Apdzīvotā vieta galu galā apvienojās ar Burgundijas apdzīvoto vietu Bourg pāri Flon un ar koloniju ap Saint-Laurent baznīcu uz rietumiem. Bīskapi, Svētās Romas impērijas prinči no 12. gadsimta, saglabāja savas lielās laicīgās pilnvaras līdz 1536. gadam, kad Lozannu ar pārējiem Paud de Vaud paņēmieniem iekaroja bernieši, kuri ieviesa protestantu reformāciju. Bernes okupācija ilga līdz 1798. gadam,un Lozanna kļuva par Napoleona Helvetikas Republikas jaunā Vauda kantona galvaspilsētu 1803. gadā.
Two major international treaties were signed at Lausanne: between Italy and Turkey in 1912 and between Turkey and the Allies of World War I in 1923. In 1932 a conference was held in Lausanne to liquidate reparations payments by Germany to the Allied powers. In 1964 it was the site of the Swiss National Exhibition, held every 25 years in a different Swiss city.
Historic buildings include the early Gothic Cathedral of Notre-Dame, consecrated in 1275 by Pope Gregory X in the presence of the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf I of Habsburg; the Saint-François Church, erected during the same period but partly rebuilt in the late 14th century; and the city hall (rebuilt 1674). The castle, now housing the Historical Museum of the Ancient Bishopric, is the only vestige of the 13th-century residences of the bishops. The Château Saint-Maire (1397–1431), the former bishop’s castle, is now the seat of the cantonal government. More recent landmarks are the Palais de Rumine (1903), the principal building of the university, which also houses the cantonal museums, and the federal court of justice (1927), seat of the Swiss Supreme Court.
Lausanne rivals Geneva as the intellectual and cultural centre of French Switzerland. Its university (1891) originated as a theological academy in 1537. The city was the birthplace of the noted Swiss literary figures Benjamin Constant de Rebecque, Alexandre Vinet, Juste Olivier, and Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz and of the philosopher Charles Secrétan. Many famous European men of letters, including Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Victor Hugo, Charles Dickens, and Edward Gibbon, resided there.
The headquarters of the International Olympic Committee are at Lausanne, and an Olympic Museum, surrounded by a public park, opened in 1993. Lausanne is also the site of the Federal Polytechnic Institute (founded 1853, present status 1969) and of the annual national fair Comptoir Suisse.
A junction for railway lines from Geneva, Fribourg, Bern, and Vallorbe (for Paris), Lausanne gained greatly in commercial importance when the opening of the Simplon Tunnel in 1906 placed it on the great international route from Paris to Milan. Principal industries include the manufacture of machinery, precision instruments, and metal products, along with printing and food processing. The city is also an important tourist and convention centre. Pop. (2007 est.) city, 118,049; urban agglom., 313,074.
